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brown treecreeper
The brown treecreeper (''Climacteris picumnus'') is the largest Australasian treecreeper. The bird, endemic to eastern Australia, has a broad distribution, occupying areas from Cape York, Queensland, throughout New South Wales and Victoria to Port Augusta and the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Prevalent nowadays between 16˚S and 38˚S, the population has contracted from the edges of its pre-European range, declining in Adelaide and Cape York. Found in a diverse range of habitats varying from coastal forests to mallee shrub-lands, the brown treecreeper often occupies eucalypt-dominated woodland habitats up to , avoiding areas with a dense shrubby understorey.
==Taxonomy==
Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Meiffren Laugier de Chartrouse described the brown treecreeper in 1824, and it still bears its original name today. It is one of six species of treecreeper found in Australia, and is most closely related to the rufous treecreeper (''Climacteris rufus'') of Western Australia and the black-tailed treecreeper (''C. melanurus''). All three occupy similar savannah and open woodland habitat, and have a sexually dimorphic marking on the upper breast or throat (black in the male, reddish in the female). They are thought to have been separated by breaks in suitable habitat in the past and hence diverged genetically.
Three subspecies have been described – subspecies ''picumnus'' is broadly distributed from the Grampians, Victoria, through central New South Wales to the Bunya Mountains, Queensland. The subspecies can be found in coastal catchments and drier areas on and west of the Great Divide, intergrading with subspecies ''victoriae'', which is found on the Great Dividing Range from south-east Queensland to the Grampians, Victoria. Subspecies ''melanotus'' occurs from Cape York Peninsula south to near Cooktown, Queensland.〔 Known as the black treecreeper, it has distinctive sooty brown plumage and is slightly smaller than the southern subspecies.〔
Woodpecker is a colloquial name, from its habit of spiralling up treetrunks.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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